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Ballet Mécanique
''Ballet Mécanique'' (1923–24) is a Dadaist post-Cubist art film conceived, written, and co-directed by the artist Fernand Léger in collaboration with the filmmaker Dudley Murphy (with cinematographic input from Man Ray).〔Chilvers, Ian & Glaves-Smith, John eds., Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. p. 400〕 It has a musical score by the American composer George Antheil. However, the film premiered in a silent version on 24 September 1924 at the Internationale Ausstellung neuer Theatertechnik (International Exposition for New Theater Technique) in Vienna presented by Frederick Kiesler. It is considered one of the masterpieces of early experimental filmmaking.
==Film credit and history==
In her book ''Dudley Murphy: Hollywood Wild Card'', film historian Susan Delson argues that Murphy was the film's driving force but that Léger was more successful at promoting the film as his own creation. However, after fighting at the front in World War I and spending the year of 1917 in a hospital after being gassed there, Fernand Léger exclusively made the dazzling effects of mechanical technology the subject of his art, and it is clear that he conceived of the film himself.〔
Léger's experiences in World War I had a significant effect on all of his work. Mobilized in August 1914 for service in the French Army, he spent two years at the front in Argonne. He produced many sketches of artillery pieces, airplanes, and fellow soldiers while in the trenches, and painted ''Soldier with a Pipe'' (1916) while on furlough. In September 1916 he almost died after a mustard gas attack by the German troops at Verdun. During a period of convalescence in Villepinte he painted ''The Card Players'' (1917), a canvas whose robot-like, monstrous figures reflect the ambivalence of his experience of war. As he explained:...I was stunned by the sight of the breech of a 75 millimeter in the sunlight. It was the magic of light on the white metal. That's all it took for me to forget the abstract art of 1912–1913. The crudeness, variety, humor, and downright perfection of certain men around me, their precise sense of utilitarian reality and its application in the midst of the life-and-death drama we were in ... made me want to paint in slang with all its color and mobility.〔Néret 1993, p. 66.〕 ''The Card Players'' marked the beginning of his "mechanical period" of which ''Ballet Mécanique'' is a part, an artistic technique that combined the dynamic abstraction of Constructivism with the absurd and unruly qualities of Dada. We see this trend in the film from beginning to end.
However, a photo of a Dada sculpture with the name ''Ballet Mécanique'' had been previously featured in 391 (magazine), a periodical created and edited by the Dadaist Francis Picabia that first appeared in January 1917, and continued to be published until 1924. But it is not known if Fernand Léger was aware of it or not.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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